Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example Essay Example

Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example Paper Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Introduction Course Project Part B a. the average (mean) annual income was less than $50,000 Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu= 50 (in thousands) Ha: mult;50 (in thousands) Level of Significance Level of Significance = . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha = . 05, zlt;-1. 645, which is lower tailed Rejection region is, zlt;-1. 645 Calculate test statistic, x-bar=43. 74 and s=14. 64 Z=(43. 74-50)/2. 070=-3. 0242. 070 is calculated by: s/sq-root of n Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of -3. 024 does fall in the rejection region of zlt;-1. 45, therefore I would reject the null and say there is sufficient evidence to indicate mult;50. Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value= . 001 .001lt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 001 is less than the significance level of . 05, I will reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95% CI=(39. 68, 47. 80)- I am 95% confident that the true mean income lies between $39,680 and $47,800. Minitab Output: One-Sample Z Test of mu = 50 vs lt; 50 The assumed standard deviation = 14. 64 95% Upper N Mean SE Mean Bound Z P 50 43. 74 2. 07 47. 5 -3. 02 0. 001 b. the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40% 22 people of the 50 surveyed live in an Urban community, which is 44%. My point estimate is . 44. Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: p=. 40 Ha: pgt;. 40 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, zgt;1. 645, which is upper tailed Rejection region is, zgt;1. 645 To conduct a large sample z-test, I must first determine if the sample size is large enough. nPo= 50(. 40)= 20 and 50(1-. 0)=30 Both are larger than 15, so we conclude that the sample size is large enough to conduct the large sample z test. Z=(. 44-. 40)/. 06928=. 5774. 06928 is calculated by sq-root ((. 4)(. 6))/50)=. 06928 Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of . 5774 does not fall in the rejection region of zgt;1. 645, theref ore I would not reject H0. There is insufficient evidence to conclude the true population of customers who live in urban communities is greater than 40%. Interpretation of Results and Conclusions p-value= . 282 .282gt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 82 is greater than the significance level of . 05, I will not reject the null. 95% CI= (. 299907, . 587456)- I am 95% confident that the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area is between 30% and 59%. Minitab Output Test and CI for One Proportion Test of p = 0. 4 vs p gt; 0. 4 95% Lower Sample X N Sample p Bound Z-Value P-Value 1 22 50 0. 440000 0. 324532 0. 58 0. 282 Using the normal approximation. c. the average (mean) number of years lived in the current home is less than 13 years Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu=13 Ha: mult;13 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, zlt;-1. 645, which is lower tailed. Rejection region is zlt;- 1. 645 Calculate the test statistic, x-bar =12. 26 and s=5. 086 Z=(12. 26-13)/. 7193=-1. 03 Decision Rule: The calculated test statistic of -1. 03 does not fall in the rejection region of Zlt;-1. 645, therefore I would not reject the null hypothesis and say there is insufficient evidence to indicate mult;13. Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value=. 52 .152gt;. 05 Because the p=value of . 152 is greater than the significance level of . 05, I would not reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95% CI=(10. 850, 13. 670)- I am 95% confident that the average number of years lived in current home falls between 10. 85 and 13. 67 years. Minitab Output One-Sample Z Test of mu = 13 vs lt; 13 The assumed standard deviation = 5. 086 95% Upper N Mean SE Mean Bound Z P 50 12. 260 0. 719 13. 443 -1. 03 0. 152 d. the average (mean) credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300. 5 people of 50 surveyed live in a suburban community, so I will be conducting a t-test because 15lt;30. Null and Alternative Hypothesis H0: mu=$4,300 Ha: mugt;$4,300 Level of Significance Level of Significance= . 05 Test Statistic, Critical Value, and Decision Rule Since alpha= . 05, tgt;1. 761, which is upper tailed. Rejection region is tgt;1. 761 Calculate the test statistic, x-bar=4675 and s=742 T=(4675-4300)/742sqrt15=1. 957 Decision Rule: 1. 957 is greater than 1. 761, which means it does fall in the rejection region, so I would reject H0. Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Body Paragraphs Because I am rejecting H0, this means that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average credit balance for the suburban customers is greater than $4300 Interpretation of Results and Conclusion p-value=. 035 .035lt;. 05 Because the p-value of . 035 is less than the significance level of . 05, I will reject the null hypothesis at 5% level. 95%=(4264, 5086)- I am 95% confident that the average credit balance for suburban customers falls between $4264 and $5,086. Minitab Output One-Sample T Test of mu = 4300 vs gt; 4300 95% Lower N Mean StDev SE Mean Bound T P 15 4675 742 192 4338 1. 96 0. 035 Final Report of Results Before parts a-d are broken down, provided below are a the Seven Elements of a Test Hypothesis that will assist one in understanding the different terminology used in this report. Elements of a Test of Hypothesis 1. Null hypothesis (H0): A theory about the specific values of one or more population parameters. The theory generally represents the status quo, which we adopt until it is proven false. The theory is always stated as H0: parameter = value. 2. Alternative (research) hypothesis (Ha): A theory that contradicts the null hypothesis. The theory generally represents that which we will adopt only when sufficient evidence exists to establish its truth. 3. Test statistic: A sample statistic used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. 4. Rejection region: The numerical values of the test statistic for which the null hypothesis will be rejected. The rejection region is chosen so that the probability is? that it will contain the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true, thereby leading to a Type I error. The value of? is usually chosen to be small (e. g. , . 01, . 05, or . 10) and is referred to as the level of significance of the test. 5. Assumptions: Clear statement(s) of any assumptions made about the population(s) being sampled. 6. Experiment and calculation of test statistic: Performance of the sampling experiment and de termination of the numerical value of the test statistic. 7. Conclusion: a. If the numerical value of the test statistic falls in the rejection region, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the alternative hypothesis is true. We know that the hypothesis-testing process will lead to this conclusion incorrectly (Type I error) only 100? % of the time when H0 is true. b. If the test statistic does not fall in the rejection region, we do not reject H0. Thus, we reserve judgment about which hypothesis is true. We do not conclude that the null hypothesis is true because we do not (in general) know the probability? that our test procedure will lead to an incorrect acceptance of H0 (Type II error). The average mean annual income was less than $50,000. I rejected the null hypothesis since the p-value of . 01 is smaller than the significance level of . 05. The p-value indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is a sufficient amount of evidence to support th e claim that the average annual income was less than $50,000 since there is a significance level of . 05. The 95% CI, which is (39. 68, 47. 80) means that I am 95% confident that the true mean (average) income lies between $39,680 and $47,800. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the average annual income was less than $50,000 is correct, which means the null is rejected, and the alternative is accepted. The true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40%. I did not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value of . 282 is larger than the significance level of . 05. The p-value indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the true population of customers who live in urban communities is greater than 40%. The 95% CI of (. 299907, . 587456) indicates that we are 95% confident that the true population proportion of customers who live in urban area is between 30% and 59%. Ba sed on these results, the managers speculation that the true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40% is not correct because we decided not to reject the null hypothesis. The average (mean) number of years lived in the current home is less than 13 years. I did not reject the null hypothesis because the p-value of . 152 is greater than the significance level of . 05. The p-value, again, indicates the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the average number of years lived in current home is less than 13 years. The 95% CI of (10. 850, 13. 670) indicates that we are 95% confident that the average number of years that customers lived in their current home falls between 11 and 14 years. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the true proportion of customers who have lived in their current home less than 13 years is incorrect because we decided not to reject the null. The average (mean ) credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300. I did reject the null hypothesis because not only did t (1. 957) fall into the rejection region, but also, the p-value of . 035 is less than . 05. If the p-values is less than the significance level, you will reject the null. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the average credit balance for the suburban customers is greater than $4300. The 95% confidence intervals indicates that we are 95% confident that the average credit balance for suburban customers falls between $4,264 and $5,086. Based on these results, the managers speculation that the average credit balance for suburban customers is more than $4300 is correct. References Benson, P. G. , McClave, J. T. , amp; Sincich, T. (2011). Statistics for Business and Economics (11th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Part B Course Project Math 533 Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

natural resources of the u.s essays

natural resources of the u.s essays Natural Resources of the United States We should be very proud to live in the United States. Our country has a vast variety of natural resources which we enjoy each and every day. This countrys natural resources lay in a delicate balance. If we interrupt this balance, we could destroy nature, our prosperity, or the world. Natural resources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and water are critical to our existance as a people. For example, our homes are heated by precious natural gas, our automobiles are fueled by gas as well. Coal and oil are raw materials with which we make other materials. Finally, water has always been vital to us each day in more ways than we realize. We need to drink clean water. Our culture uses water to clean, wash, and lubricate. The countrys natural resources have been present in the earth since the beginning of time. In the very top layer of the earth, we find most of the earths natural resources. These include water, plants, wood, and animals. Just below the earths surface we find minerals, such as gypsum, magnesium, peat and iron ore. We use these raw materials to combine with other minerals or metals to produce some of the worlds finest products. Special minerals such as gold, silver, and diamonds are nestled deeper down in the earths crust. Precious natural resources found in the bottom of the earths crust in- clude, oil, gas, and coal which we use for fuel. As one would guess, much of our nations natural resources are located in the great state of Texas. Texas is the nations wealthiest mineral producer. The economy is dominated by the abundant energy resources. The state is the leading U.S. source of natural gas and second largest U.S. oil producer. Other important minerals include helium, salt, sulfur, sodium sulfate, and clays. Major industries include oil refining and the manufacture of machinery, transportation equip...

Do physical exercises with satisfaction

Do physical exercises with satisfaction 15 Exercises which will help every student stay healthy A lot of students just forget about their physical health, doing their regular reading and essays writing. It can influence your academic performance in a bad way. Sometimes, it is very important to put all your things away and just exercise to feel better and healthier. There are a lot of useful exercises, which are very easy for you to do in order to stay energetic. And you even shouldn`t have any special equipment to do the following exercises. Supine Pelvic Tilts This is the advanced crunch, which aims at the whole core region. Lie on your back with your knees bent. Your arms should be out to your sides and palms should be faced up.   Exhale and press your low back into the floor, using your abdominal muscles. Hold this position for some time. Inhale and create the arch in your low back. Don`t lift your hips. Return to your starting position after holding this position briefly. Side Plank with Bent Knee Lie on your right side with your legs stacked one upon the other and your knees bent. The right elbow should be bent under your shoulder. Raise your torso, engaging your abdominal muscles. Return to your starting position. Repeat this exercise on the other side. Side Lying Hip Adduction Lie on your side on a mat with your feet stacked in neutral position and with your legs lengthened straight away from your body. Your shoulders and hips should be aligned vertically to the floor. Place your upper arm on your upper hip and your lower arm under your head for support. Bring your lower leg forward until it lies in front of your upper leg. Exhale and raise your lower leg off the floor. Don`t raise the leg too high. Don`t allow the hips to roll back and forward. Raise the leg until you feel tension develop in your low back or your hips begin to tilt. Inhale and return to your starting position. Repeat such moves with the opposite leg. Squat Jumps Stand with your arms by your sides and your feet hip-width apart. Shift your hips back and down. Lower yourself until your heels about to lift off the floor. Keep your head directly facing forward. Make some jumping movements. Land quietly and softly on the mid-foot. Your head should be aligned with your spine. Keep your core muscles engaged in order to protect your spine. Contralateral Limb Raises This exercise is excellent for your troubling upper body areas. Lie on your stomach with your legs outstretched behind you. Your arms should be out overhead with the palms facing each other. Exhale and float one arm a few inches off the floor. Hold such position for some time. Inhale and return to your starting position. Don`t make any moves in your hips or low back. Supermans Lie on your stomach with your legs outstretched behind you. Your arms should be out overhead with the palms facing each other. Reach both your legs away from torso and float both arms until they lift a few inches off the floor. Your head should to be aligned with your spine. Inhale and return to your starting position. Don`t make any moves in your hips or low back. Glute Bridge This is an excellent entry exercise to the power of controlled and slow movements. Lie on your back in a bent-knee position. Your feet should be flat on the floor. Put your feet hip-width apart. Lift your hips up off the floor. Your abdominals should be engaged. Inhale and lower yourself back to the starting position. Side Lunge Stand with your feet parallel, hip-width apart. Keep your head over your shoulder. Your hands should be in the comfortable position. Shift your weight onto your heels. Inhale, step to the right and shift your weight toward the right foot. Exhale and push off with your right side in order to return to the starting position. Repeat the same movement for the opposite side. Standing Calf Raises – Wall It is a great area to improve your shins. Stand near the wall with your toes facing forward and feet hip-width apart. Place your hands on the wall in order to support your balance. Rise up to your toes and hold such position for some time. Inhale and lower your heels back to the floor. Side Plank with Straight Leg It is very important not to forget to breathe on this exercise. Lie on your right side with your left leg stacked on top of the right. Your right elbow should be positioned under your shoulder.   Lift your knees and hips off the floor. Your abdominals should be engaged in order to brace your spine. Return to the starting position. Repeat the exercise on the other side. Cobra This exercise will help you to get ready for your busy day. Lie on your stomach with your hands positioned under your shoulders. Your legs should be straight. Press your hips into the floor. Curl the chest away from the floor and lengthen the torso. Keep your shoulders rolling down and back. Lower your upper body beck to the floor. You should stop the exercise immediately if you feel the pain in the low back. Downward – facing Dog The controlled and slow movement is very important for this exercise. Come to an all-fours position on the floor.   Your hands should be under your shoulders. Engage your abdominals to support the spine. Rise up your hips. Press your heels toward the floor. Don`t lift your head.   Reach the heels toward the floor. Inhale and return your body to the starting position. Front Plank Lie on the stomach and put the elbows close to your sides. Flex the ankles and straighten your legs. Lift your thighs and torso off the floor. Keep your abdominal muscles strong. Don`t forget to breathe. Hold such position for at least 5 seconds. Lower your body back towards the floor in order to return to the starting position. Push-up This is the good old exercise. Come to a knees and hands position. Your hands should be under the shoulders. Bring yourself to the plank position. Keep the abdominals engaged. Bend the elbows, lowering your body toward the floor. Don`t allow your chin and chest to touch the floor. Press upward through your arms and straighten the elbows. Forward Lunge with Arm Drivers   This advanced exercise hits some core areas. Stand with your arms raised in front to shoulder height, feet together, and arms raised. Lift one foot off the floor, balancing on the standing leg. Hold this position for some time, before making a step forward. Then, shift your body weight to the front foot. Lower your body your front thigh becomes parallel with the floor. Your hands should reach to the point below your front knee. Keep your elbows straight and back flat. In order to return to your starting position, push off with your front leg.

Chinas investment in Blackstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinas investment in Blackstone - Essay Example Governments use this method to secure the domestic market for liquidation. This implies that these assets are of highly liquidated nature and can be altered easily. The oil-producing countries have also come within its grip and are losing or rather investing their wealth in such funds. A company adopted a similar approach in the oil commodity. They then invested their wealth in holding bonds, bank deposits in a similar pattern like central banks. The alarming fact is that no company discloses the application of the funds except for the ones in Norway that provide regular data and statistics. It may be possible that these mysteriously applied investments will be very well lost in the future with no accountability. It happened in one of a developing country wherein a mushroom growth took place in the early eighties. These investment companies conned the unsuspecting public and lured them by promising huge percentage on their investments. The Government kept silent and this approach encouraged the high profit paying companies to get bolder and bolder till the public was convinced to accept them as legitimate companies. The problem further compounded due to no action by the State Bank. The margin of profits increased as the public committed their funds by selling their immovable assets. All cate All categories of people brought in their investment to these companies expecting a higher return on their deposits. Advertisements in each and every newspaper further cemented the authenticity and indisputable legitimacy of these fraudsters. The profits were rolled over and the depositor's received their profits on monthly basis, basking in the realm that a good investment had been made. The bubble burst when the government realized that the funds were been diverted from the scheduled bank and the treasury of the Government was fast losing money to these con artists. No sooner was the action taken and people in droves started to approach the managers of these companies for the return of their deposits that true facts started to stare in their faces. The higher ups evaded the public on rush to their offices and let the lower staff make excuses on their part. The public scenting fraud approached the police and cases were registered with them. Company after company stared to disappear with the savings of the unsuspecting depositors. Huge rallies were taken out to protest against the inaction of the and for the return of their savings, but all to no avail. The Government seemed helpless and the police in cahoots with the company owners further complicated the issue. Only resourceful people with clout were able to draw out some of their savings from these fraudsters. All the rest were left with taking out processions and pleas. Suits were filed in courts and the lengthy, cumbersome legal battle did little for the return of the poor common man. Nevertheless, since these funds are applied abroad so it can be controlled by political pressure and the consequences of these investments may have to be faced by the countries involved. Reference list: Economist Finance & Economics: 'The world's most expensive clubs' www.Economist.com May 24, 2007 Hong Kong Article 2 "Cleaning up" Or Clean Environment - a Global Concern The concept of

Gender roles. Roles of Men and Women in Society Essay

Gender roles. Roles of Men and Women in Society - Essay Example II. The biological make up of an individual within a society has long been used to determine how that person should behave †¢ Biology is not necessarily a determining factor in gender roles †¢ In many of the societies today, there is a tendency to ascribe roles according to the biological makeup of the individuals within them †¢ Men were given the positions of power, not because they could do better than women, but because of their biological makeup III. The society plays a major role in determining the gender roles of the individuals within it †¢ The parents of a large number of people in society determine the gender roles of their children and rigidly enforce them. †¢ Society is a powerful force in the lives of the individuals within it †¢ It is often extremely difficult for individuals to go against the roles which have been set for them by their own societies IV. Culture is another major factor that determines the gender roles of individuals in the societies within which they live. †¢ There are many different cultures around the world and each has its own expectations about what roles the members of each sex should undertake †¢ Other cultures cannot be judged according to the western standards because of the fact that while there may be similar cultures, there are others which are completely different †¢ In a globalized culture, men and women are considered to be equal and tend to be given equal opportunities, with each sex performing those tasks which were traditionally reserved for the other V. The various roles that are ascribed to the various genders are mostly determined by the society within which individuals live as well as by its culture. Biology only acts as a marker to determine how the society is going to socialize an individual to behave and it is not in itself a definer of gender roles Within the modern world, gender roles are starting to become insignificant Women can take up the roles traditionally reserved for men with the same efficiency and the reverse has also been proven to be true The gender roles are today slowly becoming blurred and they may cease to exist altogether in future It is a fact that gender roles have existed for almost as long as the human race has existed and it is quite possible that they will continue to exist in the foreseeable future. T hey are a part of the daily lives of individuals and are manifested within the society by observable factors such as how one behaves or appear. Gender roles can be considered to be patterns of feelings deemed appropriate or inappropriate because of one’s gender and they derive from the social expectations of how members of the different genders whether male or female, should behave. An example of this is if a person considers themselves to be female, then she would be expected to display the characteristics which are typically associated with being female, such as being gentle, dependent and expressive of their feelings. There are various factors that are used to determine the gender roles in society and the most important of these are biological, social, and cultural factors. One would state that the biological make up of an individual within a society has long been used to determine how that person should behave. However, there is yet to be proof of the fact that whether on e is male or female, he or she is born with the innate knowledge of the characteristics that are often ascribed to their gender (Zosuls et al 827). In

My Story :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Story Early in the morning, twenty four years ago on the twelvth day in the month of July, a baby boy was born at St. Mary's hospital in Athens, Georgia. The Pollock household of three had grown by one. Jennifer, the new boy's three year old sister, had already named him. The new boy was to be called Jody Lamon Pollock. Jody was the name she picked, and Lamon was the mother's father's name. So this is how I came to be Mr. Jody Lamon Pollock. My parents both grew up in a small south Georgia town called Pelham. My mother, Nancy, was the daughter of a farmer and a seamstress. She was the oldest of four girls. My father, Howard, was also the son of a farmer and a house wife. My dad was the ninth of eleven children. Mom and dad were high school sweethearts through out their high school days. They got married August 15, 1971. They will be celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary this next month. My father started working for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) when he graduated high school. My father nor my mother attended college. The USDA moved my parents all around the state for the next couple of years until they finally ended up in Jefferson, GA where they have been ever since. My mom landed a job as a secretary at the First National Bank of Jackson County when they first moved here. Since then she has worked her way up through the ranks by hard work and perseverance where she is now the Senior Vice President of Regions Bank. I have only one sibling as I mentioned earlier. Jennifer, who is three years older than I am. She graduated from Jefferson High School. She has since earned an Associate Degree from Gainesville Community College and is also employed by Regions Mortgage. In April of 1995 she married Jon Ray and they continue to reside in Jefferson, Georgia.

Beginning of Israel’s History Essay

2006 The Lord said to Abraham, â€Å"I will make you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great; and so you shall be a blessing; and I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse. And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed† (Genesis 12:2-3). Such promise was made when Abraham had no son hence it was made in reference to the Jewish nation. Willmington (1985) summarized the early history of Israel this way: It is generally known that the nation Israel began with the call of Abraham in Genesis 12, that Moses led its people out of Egyptian captivity, and that Joshua brought them into Canaan. After this the nation floundered under the Judges, fluorished under [the father and son kings], David and Solomon, and fragmented again under wicked King Rehoboam. It finally suffered exile at the hands of Assyria and Babylon, only to be returned and restored to the land by God during the days of Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah. Israel’s Exiles. The northern kingdom (Israel) and the southern kingdom (Judah) were exiled to Assyria in 722 B. C. and to Babylon in 587 B. C. , respectively. These exiles definitely entailed great hardships to the people who were forcibly removed from their homeland to settle in a new territory. Lamentations and weeping were not far from their midst, as the psalmist pictures weeping in Babylon, â€Å"by the rivers of Babylon, we sat down and wept [†¦]. How can we sing the Lord’s song in a foreign land? If I forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget her skill† (Psalm 137†1-4). Going back to the question posted earlier – if Israel is indeed the chosen nation of God, how could such exiles along with the perils of insecurity and uncertainty happen to them? The answer is both political and theological as evidenced in the Biblical accounts of the exile. Politically, the exile was the result of anti-Babylonian policy adapted by the later kings of Judah. Theologically, both Israel and Judah have the tendency to forsake the Lord and adopt the customs of their heathen neighbors. Such Assyrian and Babylonian captivities that Israel experienced were in line with the prophesy of Moses that if proven disobedient, â€Å"the Lord will scatter [Israel] among the people [†¦],† yet, if they would turn to God, He would be merciful to restore them, â€Å"for the Lord [their] God is a compassionate God; He will not fail [them] nor destroy [them] nor forget the covenant with [their] fathers which He swore to them† (Deuteronomy 4:27-31). As fulfillment of the Lord’s promise, in 536 B. C. , Cyrus issued a decree that permitted the Babylonian exiles to â€Å"rebuild the house of the Lord, the God of Israel† (Ezra 1:1-4). This action of Cyrus was predicted by Isaiah about 150 years earlier, â€Å"Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, [†¦], it is I who says of Cyrus, ‘He is My Shepherd! And He will perform all My desire. ’ And he declares of Jesuralem, ‘She will be built,’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid† (Isaiah 44:24-48). It is noteworthy from these Biblical accounts that only the true God can predict the future with total accuracy. Moreover the decree fulfilled Jeremiah’s prophesy, â€Å"[†¦] ‘I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation,’ declares the Lord [†¦]† (Jeremiah 25:12). The Medes and Persians captured Babylon in 539 B. C. According to the NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible (1989): The exile served to emphasize the fact that God was in no sense confined to Palestine. He providentially cared for His people in Babylon (cf. Ezekiel 11:16). The experience far away from the land, city and house where the Lord had chosen to dwell, brought to the fore the monotheism of Israel. Their suffering, coupled with face-to-face contact with the realities of false religion, purged the people once and for all of idolatrous desire. Many exiles following the decree of Cyrus remained in the Persian Empire, with the result that in due time Judaism became international in scope. The chastening of Israel is not only evident in the Old Testament accounts. Willmington (1985) cited that, in Jesus’ time mighty Rome ruled over the Holy Land and, four decades after His ascension, [†¦] On September 8, A. D. 70, by God’s judgment, the Jewish Temple in Israel was burned and destroyed by Titus, the Roman general. On October 6, A. D. 1973, by God’s grace, the Jewish state of Israel was saved from destruction from the Egyptians and Syrians. The following is but the briefest summary of those swift-moving, often sorrowful, and always eventful years between [A. D. 70 and A. D. 1973]. These nineteen centuries can be historically divided into ten main periods: Roman Period (A. D. 70-325); Byzantine Period (325-614); Persian Period (614-634); Arab Period (634-1072); Seljuk Period (1072-1099); Crusaders Period (1099-1291); Mameluke Period (1291-1517); Turkish (Ottoman) Period (1517-1917); British Period (1917-1948); and Independent Period (1948-present day). Israel as a Declared Nation A land, a law, a language, and a Lord was given to the nation of Israel when God chose them. But because of Israel’s disobedience to God, God allowed them to be dispersed among the nations as prophesied in Deuteronomy 28. But what God promised in Jeremiah 31:10, â€Å"[†¦] He who scattered Israel will gather him and keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock†, He fulfills. After wandering and being dormant and dead for nearly nineteen long centuries, Israel was once again established as a nation in her beloved land in 1948. And at that time, with a population of only 650,000, Israel defended itself against 40 million Arabs in six Arab states that vowed to destroy them. Outnumbered 1001 to 1 in military equipment, Israel won the war, and has won two thereafter. Some of the key paragraphs in the proclamation of Israel’s freedom read as follows: The land of Israel was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and national identity was formed. Here they achieved independence and created a culture of national and universal significance. Here they wrote and gave the Bible to the world. [†¦] Our call goes out to the Jewish people all over the world to rally to our side in the task of immigration and development and to stand by us in the great struggle for the fulfillment of the dream of generations – the redemption of Israel (http://stateofisrael.com/declaration). Conclusion Today, though much of the south of Israel’s land is desert, it has a fertile plain along the country’s Mediterranean coastline, which makes Israel as one of six nations that produce enough food to feed themselves and others. The Law of the Sabbath is the law of the land for everyone in Israel, though only 5% of the 6,276,883 population estimated in 2005 make-up the God-fearing Orthodox Jew. Furthermore, Hebrew is the official language, the only dead language that has ever been restored to life in the history of mankind. With a land, a law, and a language revived after two millenia, Israel still has one problem – they still reject the Lord, the very God who has made them as His chosen nation. Perhaps, this fact points out to the primary cause of Israel’s exiles and constant struggle for peaceful coexistence with neighbors dedicated to its destruction. Therefore, the next time someone asks what makes Israel the target of various terrorist organizations, and why is it the most disputed strip of real estate on planet earth, the one who understand the nation of Israel can point the answers to both of Israel’s Biblical narratives and historical texts. Works Cited Declaration of Israel’s Independence1948. Tel Aviv. 14 May 1948 (5th of Iyar, 5708). 11 March 2006 . NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible. J. D. Douglas and Merill C. Tenney, eds. Michigan: Thje Zondervan Corporation. 1989. Ryrie Study Bible: New American Standard. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, expanded ed. Chicago: Moody Press. 1995. Willmington, H. L. Willmington’s Guide to the Bible. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. , 1985.